#DATA_DATES: 2010/01/01 10:23:00 --- to --- 2010/12/23 14:07:00 #LON_RANGE: 13.94 W --- to --- 9.97 E #LAT_RANGE: 54.99 N --- to --- 65.45 N #DEPTH_RANGE: 21 --- to --- 817 m #SAC_CRUISE_ID: 02392 #PLATFORM_NAME: MS Norrona (ro-ro/passenger ship) #PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR_NAME: T.Rossby, C.Flagg #PI_INSTITUTION: University of Rhode Island #PI_COUNTRY: USA #PROJECT: The Norrona Project #CRUISE_NAME: nor2010 #PORTS: (Esbjerg,Hanstholm,Hirtshals), Denmark -- Torshavn, Faroe Islands -- Seydisfjord, Iceland #GEOGRAPHIC_REGION: North Atlantic Ocean #PROCESSED_BY: University of Rhode Island #NAVIGATION: gps #QUALITY_NAV: good #GENERAL_INFORMATION: see http://po.msrc.sunysb.edu/Norrona/ for background information and details of problems/issues during beginning of the project from 2006 - 2009. CRUISE NOTES CHIEF SCIENTIST ON SHIP : none SIGNIFICANT DATA GAPS : Generally no good data to mid-Feb, variable or limited to end of May, better June-August; variable to good through October, then generally limited. Watchdog resets common; various hardware problems; variable connection problems. SPECIAL SHIP TRACK PATTERNS : weekly ship schedule is as follows: to mid-June and Sep T -> E -> T -> S -> T mid-June to beg-Sep T -> H -> T -> S -> T -> H -> T Oct to end-Dec T -> Hi -> T -> S -> T (T = Torshavn, H = Hanstholm, S = Seydisfjord, Hi = Hirtshals, E = Esbjerg) COMMENTS : Route varies during different seasons and weather issues, winter generally poorer quality ADCP INSTRUMENTATION MANUFACTURER : RD Instruments (RDI) HARDWARE MODEL : OS75 (Ocean Surveyor) SERIAL NUMBERS : FIRMWARE VERSION : 23.17 TRANSMIT FREQUENCY : 75 kHz TRANSDUCER CONFIGURATION : 4 beam phased array ACOUSTIC BEAM WIDTH : TRANSDUCER BEAM ANGLE : 30 deg. COMMENTS : ADCP INSTALLATION METHOD/DESCRIPTION OF THE ATTACHMENT TO THE HULL : A seachest (well) is flush-welded to the vessel's hull, so that the seachest bottom is flush with the hull's outer surface (the vessel bottom is perfectly flat and smooth with no protuberances). The transducer is mounted on a top-hat which is bolted on top of the seachest, such that the transducer bottom is slightly above the level of the seachest bottom. For transducer removal, a water-tight cover plate is bolted over the seachest opening. LOCATION/DEPTH ON HULL : Location about 60m from bow; location beginning Jan. 2017, was moved aft into the skeg REPEATABLE ATTACHMENT : YES DATE OF MOST RECENT ATTACH. : ACOUSTIC WINDOW : NO COMMENTS : vessel length 165 m breadth 30 m weight 35966 tonnes speed 18-20 knots see http://po.msrc.sunysb.edu/Norrona/ for more detail ADCP INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION (example) Configuration History File Columns are as follows: B : CODAS logical block number BT : bottom track mode (on or off) SI : sampling interval or averaging period for ensemble (sec) NB : number of bins BL : bin length (m) PL : pulse length (m) TD : transducer depth (m) BK : blanking length (m) TR : top reference bin (m) BR : bottom reference bin (m) HO : heading offset applied by DAS (deg) HB : heading bias (deg) CRPH : compensation for roll-pitch-heading, 1:on, 0:off) yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss B BT SI NB BL PL TD BK TR BR HO HB CRPH 2010/06/16 17:20:48 0 on 180 50 6 6 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/16 19:38:59 1 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/17 05:21:10 2 on 180 50 6 6 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/17 15:10:07 3 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/18 00:37:13 4 on 180 50 6 6 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/18 08:01:33 5 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/18 14:52:07 6 on 180 50 6 7 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/19 00:58:37 7 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/19 10:14:42 8 on 180 50 6 7 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/19 20:43:26 9 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/20 06:18:12 10 on 180 50 6 7 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/20 16:01:43 11 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/20 22:44:58 12 on 180 50 6 7 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/21 03:31:26 13 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/21 09:51:53 14 on 180 50 6 7 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/21 19:15:05 15 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/22 03:49:56 16 on 180 50 6 7 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/22 10:51:49 17 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/22 19:50:46 18 on 180 50 6 7 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/23 05:52:58 19 off 180 50 16 16 7 10 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 2010/06/23 13:32:55 20 on 180 50 6 7 7 8 3 20 0.00 0.00 0001 SOUND SPEED CALCULATION : ... FUNCTION OF TEMP AT TRANSDUCER ... DIRECT COMMANDS : COMMENTS : ADCP DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS : RDI SOFTWARE VERSIONS : VmDas 1.44 DATA LOGGER, MAKE/MODEL : ADCP/LOGGER COMMUNICATION : serial USER BUFFER VERSION : CLOCK : PC clock COMMENTS : SHIP HEADING INSTRUMENT MAKE/MODEL : Anschutz (?) SYNCHRO OR STEPPER : Stepper (?) SYNCHRO RATIO : COMPENSATION APPLIED : NO GPS ATTITUDE SYSTEM : ADU5 LOCATION OF ANTENNAS : Four antennae array with about 10 m antennae separation. RIGID ATTACHMENT : YES - stainless steel rods clamped to brackets welded to rail. LOGGING RATE : 1 per sec COMMENTS : Reran ADU5 antennae calibration mid-July ANCILLARY MEASUREMENTS SURFACE TEMP AND SALINITY : thermistor at transducer; no salinity PITCH/ROLL MEASUREMENTS : none HYDRO CAST MEASUREMENTS : none BIOMASS DETERMINATION : DATE OF LAST CALIBRATION : CALIBRATION COEFFICIENTS : BEAM-AVERAGED AGC AVAILABLE?: CALIBRATION NET TOWS? : COMMENTS : NAVIGATION TRANSIT : NO GPS : YES MAKE/MODEL : SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY : P-CODE : NO DIFFERENTIAL : NO SAMPLE INTERVAL : 1 per sec LOCATION OF ANTENNA RELATIVE TO TRANSDUCER : TIME OBTAINED RELATIVE TO START/END OF ENSEMBLE : end AVERAGING/EDITING APPLIED : LOGGED WITH ADCP DATA : YES LOGGED INDEPENDENTLY : YES COMMENTS : Positions obtained from ADU5 OTHER : ADCP DATA PROCESSING/EDITING PERSONNEL IN CHARGE : S. Fontana SOUND SPEED CORRECTIONS : DATE OF PROCESSING : 2011 ADDED TO NCEI DB : MAY 2019 NOTABLE SCATTERING LAYERS : COMMENTS : CALIBRATION GYROCOMPASS CORRECTION : YES - profile by profile rotation based on gps heading offsets WATER TRACK METHOD : NO - ship never stops during transits BOTTOM TRACK METHOD : YES AMOUNT OF TIME AVAILABLE : about 12 hours/trip TOTAL No. CALIBRATION PTS: TIME VARIANT : VELOCITY DEPENDENT : HEADING DEPENDENT : NO AMPLITUDE : 1.0 PHASE : approx. -1.46 with ADU5 AGREEMENT WITH PREVIOUS CRUISES : COMMENTS : Bottom tracking is done for about twelve hours each trip. If Ashtech data are not available, the bottom track method is used to determine amplitude and phase for that particular cruise. NAVIGATION CALCULATION NAVIGATION USED : gps REFERENCE LAYER DEPTH RANGE : bins 2 - 6 FILTERING METHOD FOR SMOOTHING REFERENCE LAYER VELOCITY (FORM/WIDTH) : Blackman window, half-width = 0.5 hour FINALIZED SHIP VEL/POSITIONS STORED IN DATABASE : YES COMMENTS : QUALITY ASSESSMENT ON-STATION VS. UNDERWAY : All data underway, no stations. Quality ranges from excellent to poor depending on load and sea state. VECTOR, CONTOUR, STICK PLOTS: excellent to poor COMMENTS : Data quality is dependent upon load and sea state, most likely due to signal attenuation by a bubble layer under the hull (the hull bottom is perfectly flat). For a quiet seas data are generally of good to excellent quality; for very heavy seas most data are poor. REFERENCES (DATA REPORTS,ETC) : Reviewed publications: Chafik, L. and T. Rossby (2019). Volume, heat and freshwater divergences in the subpolar North Atlantic suggest the Nordic Seas as key to the state of the meridional overturning circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46,https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082110 Rossby, T., C. Flagg, L. Chafik, B. Harden and H. Søiland (2018), A direct estimate of volume, heat and fresh water exchange across the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe-Scotland Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 123. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014250 Fratantoni, D., J. O’Brien, C. Flagg, and T. Rossby (2017), AXIS ­– an Autonomous eXpendable Instrument System J. Oc. Atmos. Tech.,34, 2673-2682 Berx, B., K. M. H. Larsen, and T. Rossby (2017), Tracking water through the North Atlantic Ocean, Eos, 98, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017EO076827. Published on 19 July 2017. Childers, K. H., C. N. Flagg, T. Rossby, and C. Schrum (2015), Directly Measured Currents and Estimated Transport Pathways of Atlantic Water between 59.5oN and the Iceland-Faroes-Scotland Ridge. Tellus A, 67,28067 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellus.v67.28067 Childers, K. H., C. N. Flagg, and T. Rossby, (2014), Direct velocity observations of volume flux between Iceland and the Shetland Islands, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 5934–5944, doi:10.1002/2014JC009946. Rossby, T. and C. Flagg, (2012), Direct measurement of volume flux in the Faroe-Shetland Channel and over the Iceland-Faroe Ridge. Geophys. Res. Letters, 39, L07602, doi:10.1029/2012GL051269 Technical report: Larsen, K. M. H., H. Hátún, B. Berx, and T. Rossby (2017), Workshop on currents and transports across the Iceland-Faroe-Scotland Ridge. Tech. report nr: 17-01. Havstovan, Torshavn, Faroes.